A cow’s pregnancy lasts for an average of 280-285 days or approximately 40 weeks, similar to the length of human pregnancy. As the calving season approaches, cows will show typical signs that labor or birth is near. Changes that are gradually seen are the udder development (bag filling with milk) and the swelling of the vulva. Some will have behavioral changes such as isolating or not eating. Knowing the signs and stages of labor and the immediate care needed after calving are paramount.

 

The cows are checked every few hours to ensure safe delivery of the baby calves. Most are able to deliver without assistance. However, there are times when help is needed. A normal presentation is when the calves’ two front feet and head move through the pelvis first. The feet and head help to create a wedge which opens the birthing canal. A calf abnormally presented is likely to need assistance. Cows should take approximately 30 minutes to one hour to calve, but no more than two. Heifers (first time calvers) should take two to three hours to calve, but no more than four.

 

Once a calf is born, the cow learns to recognize her calf and commit to caring for and protecting it. The mother will lick her calf dry. Not only does this keep it clean, it also stimulates it to breathe regularly and stand. Making sure new-born calves suck right away is crucial. Colostrum is the first milk the calf gets from its mother. It is full of nutrients and antibodies that provide the calf protection from disease in early life until the calf’s own immune system becomes functional.

 

-Brianna Crowther